JSELEC

Category: Linux

  • Proxmox – Add external usb drive to LXC container

    Proxmox – Add external usb drive to LXC container

    How to mount an external USB(3) drive to a LXC container

    In this example we make use of a Western Digital 1TB external USB3 drive.
    This device is NTFS formatted, which is easy to handle in Windows.

    Our container is used for samba services and has ID 102.

    At the host system (Proxmox)

    – Check which device the drive has been given on the host.
    lsblk (in this case ‘sdg’, partition ‘sdg1’)

    – Add a mounting location
    mkdir /mnt/ext-usb

    – Install the ntfs-3g package
    apt-get update && apt-get install ntfs-3g

    – Mount the disk to the mountlocation
    mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdg1 /mnt/ext-usb

    AT LXC client (container)

    – Add a mount location inside the LXC container
    mkdir /mnt/ext-usb

    At the host

    – Mount the drive to the container in this example we use mp1 (check if mp1 is not allready used!)
    pct set 102 -mp1 /mnt/ext-usb,mp=/mnt/ext-usb

  • pfSense book available to everyone

    pfSense book available to everyone

    Today, Netgate made the pfSense book available for everyone for free.
    In the past this was a privelage to Gold-subscribers only. The book contains the complete documentation, made by Netgate with help from community supporters.
    This book is available in PDF and ePub version.

    View the news artical brought by Netgate at: https://www.netgate.com/blog/pfSense-book-available-to-everyone.html

    Interesting? Looking for a compact machine which can run this great software?
    Read also my other article on pfSense. My comments on installing on a Zotac Zbox Ci327

  • PfSense on Zotac Zbox CI327

    Some helpfull notes when installing pfSense on your Zotac Zbox CI327.

    Install from usb stick

    • Preparing the drive
    • Download pfsense image
    • Write image to drive

    Known problems you can run in to.

    CI327 has Realtek NIC’s. For the best performance, you need to tweak some settings in the Gui:

    system/advance/network…

    • CHECK Disable hardware checksum offload
    • CHECK Disable hardware TCP segmentation offload
    • CHECK Disable hardware large receive offload

    Hanging during boot time

    Boot hangs showing the following line:

    Timecounter “HPET” frequency 19200000 Hz quality 950

    You can solve this by disabling in Bios:
    /Features/CPU Configuration/Monitor M-Wait -> disabled

     

  • Installation of Autodesk Eagle 9.0.1 in Ubuntu

    PCB layout and routing tools

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  • Configure proxmox email notification

    Configure proxmox email notification

    Follow the steps below to configure the Proxmox email notification.

    1. Install the authentication library:
      apt-get install libsasl2-modules
    2. If Gmail has 2FA enabled, go to App Passwords and generate a new password just for Proxmox
    3. Create a password file:
      nano /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
    4. Insert your login details:
      smtp.gmail.com youremail@gmail.com:yourpassword
    5. Save the password file
    6. Create a database from the password file:
      postmap hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
    7. Protect the text password file:
      chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
    8. Edit the postfix configuration file:
      nano /etc/postfix/main.cf
    9. Add/change the following (certificates can be found in /etc/ssl/certs/): 
      relayhost = smtp.gmail.com:587
smtp_use_tls = yes
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_security_options =
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
smtp_tls_CAfile = /etc/ssl/certs/Entrust_Root_Certification_Authority.pem
smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:/var/lib/postfix/smtp_tls_session_cache
smtp_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
    10. Reload the updated configuration:postfix reload

    Testing

    echo "test message" | mail -s "test subject" youremail@gmail.com

  • Proxmox ZFS Failed To Import Pool ‘rpool’

    • boot into emergency mode (in the grub menu, hit “e”, and add ” emergency” to the end of the line starting with “linux”, then press ctrl+x)
    • if needed, manually import your rpool in the initramfs prompt like you did in your first post (“zpool import -N rpool” followed by “exit”)
    • enter your root password when prompted to enter maintenance/emergency mode
    • disable the zfs-import-scan.service (“systemctl disable zfs-import-scan”)
    • continue the boot (“exit” or ctrl+d)

    now you should be able to install the update with the fix, and then re-enable the zfs-import-scan service (“systemctl enable zfs-import-scan”) and reboot the host. I would recommend regenerating the initramfs (“update-initramfs -u”). if you are still dropped into the initramfs prompt after that, I would be very interested in your “pveversion -v” output and your grub config (“/boot/grub/grub.cfg”).

  • ZFS cheat sheet

    Pool Related Commands

    # zpool create datapool c0t0d0 Create a basic pool named datapool
    # zpool create -f datapool c0t0d0 Force the creation of a pool
    # zpool create -m /data datapool c0t0d0 Create a pool with a different mount point than the default.
    # zpool create datapool raidz c3t0d0 c3t1d0 c3t2d0 Create RAID-Z vdev pool
    # zpool add datapool raidz c4t0d0 c4t1d0 c4t2d0 Add RAID-Z vdev to pool datapool
    # zpool create datapool raidz1 c0t0d0 c0t1d0 c0t2d0 c0t3d0 c0t4d0 c0t5d0 Create RAID-Z1 pool
    # zpool create datapool raidz2 c0t0d0 c0t1d0 c0t2d0 c0t3d0 c0t4d0 c0t5d0 Create RAID-Z2 pool
    # zpool create datapool mirror c0t0d0 c0t5d0 Mirror c0t0d0 to c0t5d0
    # zpool create datapool mirror c0t0d0 c0t5d0 mirror c0t2d0 c0t4d0 disk c0t0d0 is mirrored with c0t5d0 and disk c0t2d0 is mirrored withc0t4d0
    # zpool add datapool mirror c3t0d0 c3t1d0 Add new mirrored vdev to datapool
    # zpool add datapool spare c1t3d0 Add spare device c1t3d0 to the datapool
    ## zpool create -n geekpool c1t3d0 Do a dry run on pool creation

    Show Pool Information

    # zpool status -x Show pool status
    # zpool status -v datapool Show individual pool status in verbose mode
    # zpool list Show all the pools
    # zpool list -o name,size Show particular properties of all the pools (here, name and size)
    # zpool list -Ho name Show all pools without headers and columns

    File-system/Volume related commands

    # zfs create datapool/fs1 Create file-system fs1 under datapool
    # zfs create -V 1gb datapool/vol01 Create 1 GB volume (Block device) in datapool
    # zfs destroy -r datapool destroy datapool and all datasets under it.
    # zfs destroy -fr datapool/data destroy file-system or volume (data) and all related snapshots

    Set ZFS file system properties

    # zfs set quota=1G datapool/fs1 Set quota of 1 GB on filesystem fs1
    # zfs set reservation=1G datapool/fs1 Set Reservation of 1 GB on filesystem fs1
    # zfs set mountpoint=legacy datapool/fs1 Disable ZFS auto mounting and enable mounting through /etc/vfstab.
    # zfs set sharenfs=on datapool/fs1 Share fs1 as NFS
    # zfs set compression=on datapool/fs1 Enable compression on fs1

    File-system/Volume related commands

    # zfs create datapool/fs1 Create file-system fs1 under datapool
    # zfs create -V 1gb datapool/vol01 Create 1 GB volume (Block device) in datapool
    # zfs destroy -r datapool destroy datapool and all datasets under it.
    # zfs destroy -fr datapool/data destroy file-system or volume (data) and all related snapshots

    Show file system info

    # zfs list List all ZFS file system
    # zfs get all datapool” List all properties of a ZFS file system

    Mount/Umount Related Commands

    # zfs set mountpoint=/data datapool/fs1 Set the mount-point of file system fs1 to /data
    # zfs mount datapool/fs1 Mount fs1 file system
    # zfs umount datapool/fs1 Umount ZFS file system fs1
    # zfs mount -a Mount all ZFS file systems
    # zfs umount -a Umount all ZFS file systems

    ZFS I/O performance

    # zpool iostat 2 Display ZFS I/O Statistics every 2 seconds
    # zpool iostat -v 2 Display detailed ZFS I/O statistics every 2 seconds

    ZFS maintenance commands

    # zpool scrub datapool Run scrub on all file systems under data pool
    # zpool offline -t datapool c0t0d0 Temporarily offline a disk (until next reboot)
    # zpool online Online a disk to clear error count
    # zpool clear Clear error count without a need to the disk

    Import/Export Commands

    # zpool import List pools available for import
    # zpool import -a Imports all pools found in the search directories
    # zpool import -d To search for pools with block devices not located in /dev/dsk
    # zpool import -d /zfs datapool Search for a pool with block devices created in /zfs
    # zpool import oldpool newpool Import a pool originally named oldpool under new name newpool
    # zpool import 3987837483 Import pool using pool ID
    # zpool export datapool Deport a ZFS pool named mypool
    # zpool export -f datapool Force the unmount and deport of a ZFS pool

    Snapshot Commands

    # zfs snapshot datapool/fs1@12jan2014 Create a snapshot named 12jan2014 of the fs1 filesystem
    # zfs list -t snapshot List snapshots
    # zfs rollback -r datapool/fs1@10jan2014 Roll back to 10jan2014 (recursively destroy intermediate snapshots)
    # zfs rollback -rf datapool/fs1@10jan2014 Roll back must and force unmount and remount
    # zfs destroy datapool/fs1@10jan2014 Destroy snapshot created earlier
    # zfs send datapool/fs1@oct2013 &gt /geekpool/fs1/oct2013.bak Take a backup of ZFS snapshot locally
    # zfs receive anotherpool/fs1 &lt /geekpool/fs1/oct2013.bak Restore from the snapshot backup backup taken
    # zfs send datapool/fs1@oct2013 | zfs receive anotherpool/fs1 Combine the send and receive operation
    # zfs send datapool/fs1@oct2013 | ssh node02 “zfs receive testpool/testfs” Send the snapshot to a remote system node02

    Clone Commands

    # zfs clone datapool/fs1@10jan2014 /clones/fs1 Clone an existing snapshot
    # zfs destroy datapool/fs1@10jan2014 Destroy clone

  • Proxmox – Change VM ID

    Change VMID from 100 to 302

    Stop/Shutdown a VM.

      1. Login using SSH to Proxmox Machine or using Shell menu in Web Interface.
      2. Rename image directory name and image filename.
        root@PROXMOX01:/# cd /dev/pve
        root@PROXMOX01:/dev/pve# ls
        root swap vm-100-disk-1
        root@PROXMOX01:/dev/pve# mv vm-100-disk-1 vm-302-disk-1
        root@PROXMOX01:/dev/pve# ls
        vm-302-disk-1.qcow2

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  • How To Use Systemctl to Manage Systemd Services and Units

    All credits to:

    jellingwood @ Digitalocean.com
    Justin Ellingwood 

     Introduction

    Systemd is an init system and system manager that is widely becoming the new standard for Linux machines. While there are considerable opinions about whether systemd is an improvement over the traditional SysV init systems it is replacing, the majority of distributions plan to adopt it or have already done so.

    Due to its heavy adoption, familiarizing yourself with systemd is well worth the trouble, as it will make administrating these servers considerably easier. Learning about and utilizing the tools and daemons that comprise systemd will help you better appreciate the power, flexibility, and capabilities it provides, or at least help you to do your job with minimal hassle.

    In this guide, we will be discussing the systemctl command, which is the central management tool for controlling the init system. We will cover how to manage services, check statuses, change system states, and work with the configuration files.

  • Ubuntu error: A job is running for dev-mapper-cryptswap1.device

    (Thanks to: Ubuntuhak )
    If you notice that booting Ubuntu takes a long time and you see the following error message on the booting screen after pressing ‘ESC’,

    A job is running for dev-mapper-cryptswap1.device (50s / 1m30s)

    This is caused by the system looking for an encrypted swap partition, however most likely you have not created one. Which is normal, now when a lot of RAM is available, and a swap partition is not necessary. This is all due to a misconfiguration entry in the fstab, which tells the system to try and mount the said (non existing) partition.

    Solution

    The solution is to remove or comment out the “cryptswap” entries from /etc/fstab and /etc/crypttab.
    This can be done easily by editing the above mentioned files as commenting out the lines that say cryptswap by placing a “#” in front of the matching lines.

    sudo nano /etc/fstab
    sudo nano /etc/crypttab

    The result is shown below in the image, where the lines referring to the cryptswap partition are already commented out.

    Reminder: ‘CTRL + O’ saves the file, ‘CTRL + X’ exits the nano text editor.